张玉光1,2, 李志恒3, 刘迪1, 刘庆国2, 付丽娅4

1. 北京自然博物馆，北京100050；

2. 中国科学院脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室，北京100044；

3. 美国德克萨斯州立大学杰克逊地球科学学院，美国奥斯丁，德州78712；

4.楚雄州博物馆，云南楚雄675000 

摘要：不同生态类型的鸟类，其胸骨具有多样性的特征，同时还与鸟类的飞行能力强弱具有直接的关系。根据胸骨形态学特征差异及数据的统计分析得出：鸟类胸骨的前侧突、后侧突的排列方式以及后缘凹口的形态是判断其生态习性的有效形态标志。此外，当胸骨深度加大，且胸骨宽度不断加长的鸟类其飞行能力也加强；反之，胸骨的长度加长，深度、宽度渐小的鸟类，其飞行能力较弱或已经丧失飞行能力。

关键词：鸟类；胸骨；统计分析；形态结构；飞行能力

The Diversity of Morphology of the Avian Sternum and Its Relationship with Flight Ability

ZHANG Yu-guang1,2, LI Zhi-heng 3, LIU Di1, LIU Qing-guo2, FU Li-ya 4

1. Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China；

2. Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044,China；

3. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA；

4. Chuxiong Museum, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province 675000, China)

Abstract: Birds within different ecological niches have widely variations in the sternal morphology, which also directly related to the flight ability. According to the morphological differentiations in the sternum and statistical analysis of related measurement data: the arrangement of the cranial lateral process and the caudal lateral processes, as well as the notch in the posterior margin of the sternum are effective indices to identify ecological adaptations of birds. In addition, the flight ability is enhanced with the increase of the sternal depth and width. In contrast, the flight ability are weakened or lost with the increase of sterna length but decrease in its depth and width.

Keywords: Aves；sternum；statistical analysis；morphology；flight ability

发表于《四川动物》，2011，30（5）：677-686